Wind energy in Kenya

Wind energy in Kenya Free Online Research Papers Harnessing the natural power of the wind is by no means a new concept. Asides from sailing, wind power has been utilised for many thousands of years, principally for agricultural purposes. Basic windmills are thought to have been used in Persia (now Iran) as early as the 7th century AD. Their ability to make use of otherwise untapped energy sources without the needs and costs of other alternatives, ensured that they remained the machines of preference in several industries throughout both agricultural and industrial revolutions. Whilst their basic concepts have remained true to the basic origins, technological advances have enabled engineers to adapt the mechanics of the mill to enable a more functional and useable source of power. In the 18th C, engineers developed spring sails, a device incorporating shutters onto the sails, to enable the mill to be run at constant speed during variable wind speeds automatically. The development of the fantail in 1745 also ensured the mills ran in the face of the wind and along with airbrakes meant that the mill could run at its most efficient at all times without the risk of doing itself damage in strong winds. Uses developed into water pumping, wood sawing, papermaking, pressing oil seeds and a variety of grinding uses. American colonists used windmills to grind wheat and corn, to pump water, and to cut wood at sawmills. As late as the 1920s, Americans used small windmills to generate electricity in rural areas without electric service. When power lines began to transport electricity to rural areas in the 1930s, local windmills were used less and less, The use of wind turbines for generating electricity was pioneered in Denmark late in the 1890s. The concept was made a reality by Poul la Cour, 1846-1908, who had originally trained as a meteorologist. He built the worlds first electricity generating wind turbine in 1891 and although his project was a success, decided the greatest problem lay in storage of the electricity. As a result he used the electricity from his turbines for electrolysis in order to produce hydrogen for the gas lighting in his school. Wind is one of the simplest gifts of nature, it is air in motion. It is caused by the uneven heating of the earth’s surface by the sun. Since the earth’s surface is made of very different types of land and water, it absorbs the sun’s heat at different rates. During the day, the air above the land heats up more quickly than the air over water. The warm air over the land expands and rises, and the heavier, cooler air rushes in to take its place, creating winds. At night, the winds are reversed because the air cools more rapidly over land than over water. In the same way, the large atmospheric winds that circle the earth are created because the land near the earths equator is heated more by the sun than the land near the North and South Poles. Today, wind energy is mainly used to generate electricity. Wind is called a renewable energy source because the wind will blow as long as the sun shines. In order for this to happen, windmills are used. How does it work? Like old fashioned windmills, today’s wind machines use blades to collect the wind’s kinetic energy. Windmills work because they slow down the speed of the wind. The wind flows over the airfoil shaped blades causing lift, like the effect on airplane wings, causing them to turn. The blades are connected to a drive shaft that turns an electric generator to produce electricity. With the new wind machines, there is still the problem of what to do when the wind isn’t blowing. At those times, other types of power plants must be used to make electricity. This type of energy production is done on a wind farm. Wind power plants, or wind farms as they are sometimes called, are clusters of wind machines used to produce electricity. A wind farm usually has dozens of wind machines scattered over a large area. The worlds largest wind farm, the Horse Hollow Wind Energy Center in Texas, has 421 wind turbines that generate enough electricity to power 220,000 homes per year. Unlike power plants, many wind plants are not owned by public utility companies. Instead they are owned and operated by business people who sell the electricity produced on the wind farm to electric utilities. These private companies are known as Independent Power Producers. Operating a wind power plant is not as simple as just building a windmill in a windy place. Wind plant owners must carefully plan where to locate their machines. One important thing to consider is how fast and how much the wind blows. As a rule, wind speed increases with altitude and over open areas with no windbreaks. Good sites for wind plants are the tops of smooth, rounded hills, open plains or shorelines, and mountain gaps that produce wind funnelling. Wind speed varies throughout the country. It also varies from season to season. New technologies have decreased the cost of producing electricity from wind, and growth in wind power has been encouraged by tax breaks for renewable energy and green pricing programs. Many utilities around the country offer green pricing options that allow customers the choice to pay more for electricity that comes from renewable sources. Most of the wind power plants in the world are located in Europe and in the United States where government programs have helped support wind power development. The United States ranks second in the world in wind power capacity, behind Germany and ahead of Spain and India. Denmark ranks number six in the world in wind power capacity but generates 20 percent of its electricity from wind. Wind energy is an economical power resource in many areas of the country. Wind is a clean fuel, wind farms produce no air or water pollution because no fuel is burned. Growing concern about emissions from fossil fuel generation, increased government support, and higher costs for fossil fuels, especially natural gas and coal, have helped wind power capacity in the United States grow substantially over the last 10 years. This is how a wind farm is set up; 1 Study of wind regime 2 Selection of suitable sites 3 Negotiation of land rights 4 Design of generator arrays (placing within the site) 5 Building And the investments needed are; 1. Wind Turbines 2. Grid Extension 3. Modifications to control equipment of Grid controllers 4. Additional water turbines on hydro stations In Kenya wind farming may be a new advancement. According to the Energy Act of 2006 which was signed into law in 2007 the permanent secretary of the Energy ministry will have to perform several duties, wind farming being one of many. It may be the best alternative for the thousands of Kenyans that live without electricity. How many places do we have in our country side that fits the requirements of tapping wind energy? There are many hillsides that aren’t even being used. Many communities would indeed benefit if the government supported projects fully like the Lake Turkana Wind Power Consortium, located North West of Kenya near Lake Turkana, which would supply the national power grid with up to 30% of clean electricity once it commences. A wind farm consisting of 353 wind turbines, each with a capacity of 850 KW will be constructed. The total foreseen power generated by the initial phase of this wind farm is expected to start production in June 2011 and reach full production of 300 MW by July 2012, adding 30% or more to the total existing installed capacity available in Kenya. Wind turbine technology has seen recent rapid improvement with the development of turbines. The people of the Lake-side plains lands of Kenya live within a potential source of power more useful than an oilfield. Although they have no significant sources of water power or coal they live in what can be described as a giant natural heat engine. This is the wind circulation system caused by the difference in temperatures of the sun-baked Kano Plains and the cooler waters of the Lake. Air rises from the plains from about 11.00 a.m. as they heat up; this pulls in air from the lake and a substantial wind blows throughout the area until the land cools down and temperatures equalise at about sunset. Unlike an oilfield this will not be exhausted as long as the sun shines. However in order to start construction of such projects one major set back is the state of the roads leading to such remote areas that are suitable for wind farming. Machinery and equipments all need to be transported to various parts of the country from the port of Mombasa, in this case to North West near Lake Turkana. Many roads are a mess and bridges not strong enough to allow Lorries to access it. Another factor as to why wind power production is not so common both internationally and locally is its financial implications, turbines are expensive and in order to generate enough electricity as compared to hydro electric turbines one must invest in a large number of machinery to do so. Land is another factor that must be considered due the importance of location. Highlands are a more suitable area for harnessing wind power however research has shown that areas with vast numbers of turbines generate turbulence with in turn affects the growth of crops, according to the Science daily report. The most serious environmental drawbacks to wind machines may be their negative effect on wild bird populations and the visual impact on the landscape. To some, the glistening blades of windmills on the horizon are an eyesore; to others, they’re a beautiful alternative to conventional power plants. The noise created by wind turbines is often cited as an issue, although the noise of large turbines is far less than of smaller turbines. Of late there have been many prospective investors looking to Kenya to venture in wind power production. African Clean Energy, the British firm and Wind Flow, a local partner, will initially set up a wind farm in Marsabit to provide an alternate power source for the country. They will then sell the power they generate to KenGen for distribution into the local power grid. Currently, country mainly relies on hydroelectric power that can be disrupted by unreliable rain patterns. Wind will provide an alternative source for the country at a time when the national power distributor, Kenya Power and Lighting Company is on a recruitment drive to attract more customers to the national grid. Just eight per cent of the population has access to power, and as the Government pushes forward its promise to supply power to more citizens, alternative sources are expected to shore up supplies. Other countries have already gone for wind power as soaring oil prices and fears of climate change drive the need for less petroleum-based power sources. Wind is the fastest growing source of electricity in the world, though it remains a minor player compared to more common fossil fuels and other alternatives such as geothermal, hydro and nuclear power. Wind power uses natural air movements to drive giant windmill blades, turning turbines that convert the kinetic energy into electrical power. Wind turbine sales are projected to rise from .1 billion to almost double that amount by 2011 , according to research firm BTM Consult. In conclusion Kenya seems to be looking at more efficient and cleaner means of producing electricity. With new bills that have been passed regarding renewable energy and the introduction of new foreign investors to tap into this energy shows us that Kenya and the government are ready and willing to take a new challenge to harnessing wind power. So yes it can be done but I do think that there is still potential for more to be done, like educating people, especially those in rural areas on the benefits of wind power and how to do it. There are still many places outside Nairobi that live without electricity, Kogelo was once one of those places. Politicians need to campaign for such projects. They are the ones who could make a greater impact for the benefit of such projects. Research Papers on Wind energy in KenyaThe Spring and AutumnPETSTEL analysis of IndiaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionGenetic EngineeringThe Effects of Illegal Immigration19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraOpen Architechture a white paperBringing Democracy to AfricaAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement

Importance of Studying Abroad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Importance of Studying Abroad - Essay Example Additionally, most of the students who go for studies in America and other English speaking countries speak English as a second language. Developed countries have a wider variety of learning opportunities. For example, America is branded as the land of opportunities since it has diversified learning opportunities. There are many colleges and universities offering virtually all learning opportunities. Therefore, students are much more likely to get learning opportunities to explore fields of learning that may not be available in their country (Dwyer and Peters web). Notably, English-speaking countries such as America offer a good opportunity for language development especially for students who are learning English as a second language. Most importantly, developed countries have developed cultural, social, intellectual, infrastructural, and technological systems. Therefore, students who go to study in these countries get an opportunity to explore new dimensions of life. This makes stud ying abroad particularly important for students (Ziegler 1-4). ... It is an opportunity to explore new fields of learning that are otherwise, not offered in the home country. In addition, the students are exposed to new and diverse cultures. When students interact with people from the different cultural background, they are able to learn the different ways of life (Kendall 112-115). They get to understand people and the world in different dimensions thereby diversifying their horizons. Additionally, students studying abroad are able to visit new places that they have never visited before. In the process, they are able to meet many people. The increased interaction with many people increases the opportunity to learn new things and therefore, broaden their horizons. Although many students go back to their native countries after studying abroad, it is true that quite a number get job opportunities abroad after their education. Therefore, it can be claimed that studying abroad broadens job horizons for such students. Studying abroad is important since d evelops a student’s abilities. Different students have different abilities and talents. However, their native countries may not offer the best platforms and avenues in which to develop these talents and abilities. Therefore, studying abroad becomes particularly important in offering opportunities in which talented and students with special abilities can explore their talents. For instance, America has many art schools and colleges that are specifically suited to developing special abilities. Hence, students from different countries seek for admission to these art schools in order to develop their talents and abilities.  Ã‚  

Read the selections from the 2 legalists, han feizi and Li Si, posted Essay

Read the selections from the 2 legalists, han feizi and Li Si, posted on canvas, compare that to the teachings of confucianism. write down a few aspects where legalism would not agree with confucianism - Essay Example Domestic violence refers to physical or emotional abuse directed to one whom you are in a relationship or married. Domestic violence usually occurs to any person irrespective of gender, age, race, religion or location. In any form of domestic violence, there is often the abuser and the one who is abused. Recognizing domestic violence at an early stage is critical at ending it in any form of relationship (Davis, 2008). Therefore, understanding it in depth is what most articles would talk about. Based on the publishers, the issue of domestic violence is a reality in the society and should be addressed as soon as possible. Moreover, the writer has maintained a neutral ground while talking about the issue without pointing any fingers towards any person that exist in an abusive relationship. Based on the authors writing, writer’s association with special interest to domestic violence victims can view her point of view as unbiased (Smith, 2014). All in all, it is clear that the auth or related to the problems faced by people in domestic violence scenarios, addressed them in relation to his thesis. Davis, R. L. (2008). Domestic violence: intervention, prevention, policies, and solutions. N.p.: Boca Raton: CRC Press, c2008. Retrieved April 30, 2014, from

Writing and Free

Writing and Free Sample Essay Positive impression developed by teachers is a long term benefit for you and you can secure yourself by providing your own writings or submitting quality custom written papers. Sample papers provided on the writing websites are for your review only. It is mostly likely that they have already been used and submitted by other students. Therefore, any possible use of such sample papers can lead to dire consequences in your academic studies. People are quite confused about the reality and impact of using sample papers. There is a number of myths that have developed with time that force students to use free sample papers instead of placing order for custom written papers. Student sample papers can be of different types and students can use sample papers in almost all academic disciplines. There are several types of sample papers: sample essays, sample term papers, sample research papers as well as sample thesis papers, sample dissertations, sample speeches, sample book reports and sample book reviews. If you look for sample papers online, you will probably find a great number of APA sample papers, MLA sample papers, and MBA sample papers in particular. Nowadays, Internet is overloaded with various offers for free samples downloads. Nevertheless, usage of such free of charge sample papers can put your academic career at risk. ree sample papers can never inspire students to work harder, but custom written papers give students ideas and they can attempt to write the paper with little effort. Only specially written papers and not academic paper samples can give you guidance on how to write your own papers. There is an obvious substantiation for the fact that when students go through the sample papers, they lose their touch in cultivating new ideas. New thoughts arise not because of sample papers, we must remember. Free sample term papers, sample research papers or sample essay papers motivate students to use them and to be caught at plagiarising as a result. Custom written papers, on the contrary, encourage students to work on their own and give an example of how a well-written and properly structured assignment should really look like. If you look for APA sample papers, MLA sample papers or MBA sample papers, you can locate thousands on websites; but if you need to have a quality paper, you need to get it customized for your original needs. Even the best sample papers cannot replace a custom written research paper. It is a great risk to submit a free sample paper to your teacher, as you might get accused of plagiarism. So any of the pre-written sample term papers, sample research papers and sample dissertations/theses are not worth giving a try. ree sample papers can never inspire students to work harder, but custom written papers give students ideas and they can attempt to write the paper with little effort. Only specially written papers and not academic paper samples can give you guidance on how to write your own papers. There is an obvious substantiation for the fact that when students go through the sample papers, they lose their touch in cultivating new ideas. New thoughts arise not because of sample papers, we must remember. Free sample term papers, sample research papers or sample essay papers motivate students to use them and to be caught at plagiarising as a result. Custom written papers, on the contrary, encourage students to work on their own and give an example of how a well-written and properly structured assignment should really look like. If you look for APA sample papers, MLA sample papers or MBA sample papers, you can locate thousands on websites; but if you need to have a quality paper, you need to get it c ustomized for your original needs. Even the best sample papers cannot replace a custom written research paper. It is a great risk to submit a free sample paper to your teacher, as you might get accused of plagiarism. So any of the pre-written sample term papers, sample research papers and sample dissertations/theses are not worth giving a try.†¨If you need to have a good paper custom written for you, contact a good writing company for this purpose. CustomWritings.com is the company that offers you the best customized solution against all types of sample papers including, sample dissertation, sample thesis paper, sample essay paper and free sample papers. Looking for a good sample paper may be rather difficult. There is no guarantee that you will find the needed type sample papers or a well-written sample paper on required topic. ree sample papers can never inspire students to work harder, but custom written papers give students ideas and they can attempt to write the paper with little effort. Only specially written papers and not academic paper samples can give you guidance on how to wri te your own papers. There is an obvious substantiation for the fact that when students go through the sample papers, they lose their touch in cultivating new ideas. New thoughts arise not because of sample papers, we must remember. Free sample term papers, sample research papers or sample essay papers motivate students to use them and to be caught at plagiarising as a result. Custom written papers, on the contrary, encourage students to work on their own and give an example of how a well-written and properly structured assignment should really look like. If you look for APA sample papers, MLA sample papers or MBA sample papers, you can locate thousands on websites; but if you need to have a quality paper, you need to get it customized for your original needs. Even the best sample papers cannot replace a custom written research paper. It is a great risk to submit a free sample paper to your teacher, as you might get accused of plagiarism. So any of the pre-written sample term papers, sample research papers and sample dissertations/theses are not worth giving a try.†¨If you need to have a good paper custom written for you, contact a good writing company for this purpose. CustomWritings.com is the company that offers you the best customized solution against all types of sample papers including, sample dissertation, sample thesis paper, sample essay paper and free sample papers. Looking for a good sample paper may be rather difficult. There is no guarantee that you will find the needed type sample papers or a well-written sample paper on required topic.†¨If you need to have a good paper custom written for you, contact a good writing company for this purpose. CustomWritings.com is the company that offers you the best customized solution against all types of sample papers including, sample dissertation, sample thesis paper, sample essay paper and free sample papers. Looking for a good sample paper may be rather difficult. There is no guarantee that you will find the needed type sample papers or a well-written sample paper on required topic.

Horatio: A True Friend of Hamlet Essay -- Shakespeares Hamlet

William Shakespeare’s Hamlet is a tragic play. Most of the characters in the play have selfish motives at heart. Lust, greed, pride, and revenge are just a few sins that are committed in the play. There are few instances within the play that show goodness and kindness. Hamlet has so many people around him trying to bring him down, but he had one friend that was loyal to him, and that was Horatio. The other key characters in the play were only out for their own good. However Horatio was looking out for Hamlet. Unfortunately, Horatio was the only one. Gertrude was Hamlet’s mother. She was a selfish and evil woman. She cheated on Hamlet’s father with Claudius, Hamlet’s uncle. She married Claudius a month after her husband’s death. Gertrude wanted Hamlet to stop his grieving. She told Hamlet, â€Å"thou know’st ‘tis common, all that lives must die, passing through nature to eternity† (I.2.72-73). When Hamlet was depressed and grieving, it reminded Gertrude of the terrible sin she had committed. She wanted Hamlet to be happy just so she could feel better about herself. Throughout the play Gertrude’s motives do not waiver; she looks out for her own well being. Claudius is Hamlet’s uncle and stepfather. He had an affair with Hamlet’s mother and murdered Hamlet’s father. Claudius cared for no one in the play but himself. There were very few happy moment for Hamlet in the play, but one came when he made a play within the play. Hamlet wanted to see the reaction the Claudius had to the scene on the play where they show how the king was murdered. Claudius’ reaction to the scene was astounding. â€Å"Give me some light. Away!†(III.2. 255). Hamlet saw his reaction and knew for sure that Claudius killed his father. Claudius was a horrible uncle ... ...e end. This play is not a typical happy ending type of play. In fact there are very few happy moments in the play. I do not think that Shakespeare intended for someone to walk away with a warm feeling in his or her heart. I am not sure of the real reason he wrote the play and what it was he wanted the audience to learn from it. I learned that revenge is something that can take over your mind and cause someone to do things that they would not normally do. It seems that Shakespeare was trying to teach us to search inside of ourselves and not let the outside world influence us in any way. Maybe he was trying to show us that we all need good friends like Horatio. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. 7th ed.Ed Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs. Upper Saddle River, N.J. Prentice Hall, 2004. 1307-1406

Effects of Fast Food on Health

date: 2/8/12 EFFECTS OF FAST FOOD ON HEALTH Nowadays, American people are very busy with their works and families. They do not have enough time to cook for themselves. Moreover, with the development of the fast food industry and chains of fast food restaurants, fast food for meals is the best choice of busy people. However, everything has two faces. Eating too much fast food also has many bad effects on health including obesity, heart disease, and diabetes. First of all, obesity is a serious disease mainly caused by eating fast food. Whichever kind of fast food we eat, from pizza to fried chicken, they contain the same ingredients.Fat and carbohydrates, which are one cause of overweighting, are present in most kinds of fast food. In addition, fast food contains fewer vitamin and other minerals which make people feel full. Containing fewer of these elements means that people tend to feel hungry frequently, and want to eat more. So, eating much fast food can also affect weight manageme nt. Last and also most importantly, fast food ingredients have a high amount of sugar which is the direct cause of obesity epidemic. Besides the ingredients of fast food, the larger sizes also increase the risk of obesity.In the documentary film Super Size Me (2004), Mr. Morgan Spurlock showed that when given larger portions sizes, average people still eat entirely regardless of whether they are full or not. Obviously, the more fast food we eat, the more unhealthy ingredients come to our body. Secondly, some heart diseases like heart attacks and high blood pressure are the result of eating a lot of fast food. Junk food such as donuts, fried food, etc. contains trans fats which are known to increase the level of bad cholesterol and decrease the level of good cholesterol, according to the Harvard School of Public Health.When the level of bad cholesterol in our blood is higher than the safe level, it creates the atherosclerotic plaques inside the arterial walls. Then, the arteries can be clogged, which places more stress on heart and raises blood pressure. In other words, it causes heart attacks and high blood pressure. Last but not least, type 2 diabetes is also another bad effect of eating too much fast food. Although fast food does not directly cause diabetes, it is the simple sugar and trans fat in fast food that can be the reason that leads to some symptoms such as high blood sugar, and insulin resistance.When we eat some kinds of fast food containing high level of sugar such as milkshakes, our bodies cannot use up all these sugars. The remaining will flow to our bloodstream. It also means that we have high blood sugar. Furthermore, fast food contains a lot of trans fats which block muscle to absorb glucose and protein. This blockage leads to insulin resistance. Furthermore, insulin is an important element helping the body to absorb sugar. Consequently, our body cannot absorb sugar, and it returns to our bloodstream.The result of that procedure is the high l evel of sugar in our blood, which is the cause of type 2 diabetes. In brief, obesity, heart disease, and diabetes are some serious diseases that are the result of eating too much fast food, a bad habit of many American. Fortunately, fast food producers these days care more about consumers’ health by reducing the amount of trans fats and sugar in food. They also try to make fast food become healthier by adding to fast food more kinds of fruit and vegetables. Anyway, the best way to keep us healthy is to reduce eating fast food that contains too many unhealthy ingredients.

Teen Pregnancy Prevention One Of The Most Controversial...

Priscilla Blackwell Instructor Beverly Williamson English 111-02 April 9, 2017 Preventing Teen Pregnancy Teen pregnancy prevention is one of the most controversial subjects in today’s society. Many will argue that peer pressure and the area you live in are contributing factors to most adolescent pregnancies. No matter what geographic location you reside in, the problem is usually in the home, in the school system, and the cost of contraception and the barriers in obtaining it. The biggest predicament regarding the issue of adolescent pregnancy is the question of prevention. Preventing teen pregnancy includes problems such as the availability of birth control, sexual education among children and adolescents, and parental involvement. In the†¦show more content†¦However, schools should be assisting with this education. They should provide resources for parents and teens on contraception and preventing teen pregnancy. They should also have counselors or health educators available for teens to confide in when they feel they have no one to talk to about risky situations that could ultimately cause teen pregnancy. Parents should be more involved in their teen’s life. They should be focusing on open communication, spending quality time with their children, and teaching them that every negative action has a consequence. Parents need to step up when it comes to the â€Å"sex talk† and explain what the consequences would be if they become pregnant. If a teen thinks they may have to quit school, get a job, and possibly move out of the home, they make think about it more often and take initiative to prevent pregnancy. Parents need to realize that their children aren’t perfect and that teen pregnancy can happen to them. They need to have that open door policy in effect at all times and should never judge nor criticize what their children may tell them. It is a parent’s job to direct their children in the right direction and provide support no matter the issue. Parental involvement is necessary in preventing teen pregnancy. In the article â€Å"Preventing Teen Pregnancy by Avoiding Risk Exposure,† written by Josie A. Weiss, she states â€Å"The U.S. has the highestShow MoreRelatedEssay on Effective Approaches to Prevent Teen Pregnancy1181 Words   |  5 Pages Effective approaches to prevent teen pregnancy After reading numerous articles and abstracts in regards to the ever so intriguing topic of teen pregnancy, I’ve come to a conclusion which is a little different than I had expected. Before reading any of the literature on teen pregnancy, I was under the assumption that the sex education classes provided in school were an extremely effective weapon against unwanted teenage pregnancies. 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